People with anxiety disorders sometimes experience panic attacks when they’re in certain situations. This is actually more common than you might imagine. There’s also such a thing as a fear of fears (phobophobia). This is typically done by combining a Greek (or sometimes Latin) prefix that describes the phobia with the –phobia suffix.įor example, a fear of water would be named by combining “hydro” (water) and “phobia” (fear). There’s no official list of phobias beyond what’s outlined in the DSM-5, so clinicians and researchers create names for them as the need arises. These categories encompass an infinite number of specific objects and situations.
#Make a list of 3 words that begin with snow manual#
In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), the American Psychiatric Association outlines several of the most common phobias.Īgoraphobia, a fear of places or situations that trigger fear or helplessness, is singled out as a particularly common fear with its own unique diagnosis. People with phobias actively avoid the phobic object or situation, or they endure it with intense fear or anxiety. Phobias are different from regular fears because they cause significant distress, possibly interfering with life at home, work, or school. When someone has a phobia, they experience intense fear of a certain object or situation. Hydrophobia, for example, literally translates to fear of water. The word itself comes from the Greek word “phobos,” which means “fear” or “horror.” Am.A phobia is an irrational fear of something that’s unlikely to cause harm. Colors of snow, frozen waterfalls, and icebergs. The first example at right shows three views of a capped column. For a complete treatment of this subject, see Bohren, C. The best powder snow, where you sink to your knees while skiing, is made of stellar.
Source: NSIDC researcher, Richard Armstrong. If it is only a centimeter thick, all the light makes it through, but if it is a meter thick, mostly blue light makes it through. In simplest of terms, think of the ice or snow layer as a filter. So the spectral selection is related to absorption, and not reflection as is sometimes thought. In each case the blue light is the product of a relatively long travel path through the snow or ice. Typical examples are poking a hole in the snow and looking down into the hole to see blue light or the blue color associated with the depths of crevasses in glaciers.
Not much more, but enough that over a considerable distance, say a meter or more, photons emerging from the snow layer tend to be made up of more blue light than red light. More red light is absorbed compared to blue. The observer sees the light coming back from the near surface layers (mm to cm) after it has been scattered or bounced off other snow grains only a few times and it still appears white. If the light is to travel over any distance it must survive many such scattering events, that is it must keep scattering and not be absorbed. As this light travels into the snow or ice, the ice grains scatter a large amount of light. The situation is different for that portion of the light which is not reflected but penetrates or is transmitted into the snow. This is because most all of the visible light striking the snow or ice surface is reflected back without any particular preference for a single color within the visible spectrum. Generally, snow and ice present us with a uniformly white face.
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